Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)

Introduction

In the past few years, gastrointestinal endoscopy has been enriched by a novel concept, natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). In this innovative endoscopic technique abdominal organs are approached through natural orifices (mouth, anus, vagina) in order to perform intra-abdominal diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Unlike standard surgical procedures, NOTES avoids the need for abdominal incision, and also offers specific advantages in selected patient populations. Since the first presentation on NOTES at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) in 2000, research interest in NOTES has grown steadily ([Fig. 1]). This year, numerous abstracts focused on the potential problems that arise with NOTES in clinical practice, such as problems with access and closure, technical limitations of instruments (and innovative solutions to these), and complications and their management, while others focused on the potential advantages and the feasibility of novel NOTES interventions.

Fig. 1 The number of abstracts devoted to natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) at Digestive Disease Week since 2004.

References

• 1 McGee M F, Schomisch S J, Marks J M. et al . Systemic inflammation and physiologic burden of transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) peritoneoscopy: a controlled, prospective comparison between NOTES and laparoscopy.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB127
• 2 Pham B V, Morgan K, Bazaz S. et al . A pilot comparison of adhesion formation following colonic perforation and repair in a porcine model: transgastric (NOTES), laparoscopic, or open surgical technique.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB109
• 3 Raju G S, Bergstrom M, Swain P. et al . Randomized multicenter controlled study of endoscopic and surgical closure of a 4-cm gaping wide colon perforation in a porcine model.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB126
• 4 Fong D G, Ryou M, Pai R D. et al . Transcolonic ventral wall hernia mesh fixation in a porcine model.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB109
• 5 Pai R D, Fong D G, Tavakkolizadeh A. et al . Prone natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES): abdominal exploration and nephrectomy in a porcine model.  Gastroenterology. 2007;  132 A115
• 6 Ryou M, Fong D G, Pai R D. et al . NOTES distal pancreatectomy using endoscopic linear stapler.  Gastroenterology. 2007;  132 A114
• 7 Pearl J P, Onders R P, Marks J M. et al . Transgastric endoscopic peritoneoscopy in humans under laparoscopic visualization: a bridge to NOTES.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB292
• 8 Young-Fadok T M, Whiteford M H, Denk P M, Swanstrom L L. NOTES right colectomy: a feasibility study.  Gastroenterology. 2007;  132 A115
• 9 Ryou M, Thompson C C. The use of magnets in natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES): addressing the problem of traction and counter-traction.  Gastroenterology. 2007;  132 A115
• 10 Scott D J, Tang S, Goova M T. et al . Short-term survival outcomes following transvaginal NOTES cholecystectomy using magnetically anchored instruments.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB109
• 11 Ho K, Phee S, So B. et al . Robotic manipulator for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB110
• 12 Swain P, Swanstrom L L. The development and testing of a new platform for endoscopic surgery featuring off-axis visualization.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB291
• 13 Swain P, Rao G V, Bergstrom M. et al . the development and testing of a toolbox for NOTES.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB108
• 14 Ryou M, Pai R D, Fong D G. et al . Transluminal closure for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES): an ex vivo study comparing leak pressures.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB293
• 15 Park P O, Bergstrom M, Fritscher-Ravens A. et al . Early clinical experience with a new simple flexible endoscopic suturing method for intra-luminal and transgastric surgery (NOTES).  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB92
• 16 Ryou M, Hazan R, Rahme L. et al . The effectiveness of current sterility techniques in natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES).  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB290
• 17 Hagen M, Christen D, Morel P. Cosmetic issues of NOTES: a rationale for further research and investments.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB109
• 18 Flores F, Mauro Eduardo R. Endoscopic gastrojejunostomy: description of a new technique.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB292
• 19 Matthes K, Menke D, Koehler P. et al . Feasibility of endoscopic transgastric (ETGN) and transvaginal (ETVN) nephrectomy.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB290
• 20 Meining A, von Delius S, Feussner H. et al . Transgastric miniprobe-based confocal microscopy for in-vivo histopathology in the peritoneal cavity.  Gastroenterology. 2007;  132 A115
• 21 Ryou M, Thompson C C. Gastric sleeve resection via NOTES.  Gastroenterology. 2007;  132 A115
• 22 Scotiniotis I, Tsakayannis D. Transvaginal NOTES cholecystectomy in the porcine model.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB291
• 23 Zorron R, Fang H L, Costa M. et al . Flexible endoscopic percutaneous retroperitoneal adrenal and renal surgery: NOTES inspiring minimally invasive approach.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB293
• 24 Swain P, Laine L, Bakos G J. et al . the development and testing of new hemostasis devices for NOTES.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB289
• 25 Swain P. Intracorporeal knot tying during flexible endoscopy for NOTES and endoluminal procedures using a shapelock platform.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB291
• 26 Chang K J, Nguyen N T. Novel T-bar tissue fastener combined with prototype forward-viewing therapeutic echo endoscope: preparing for ”NOTES”.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB290
• 27 Chiu P W, Lau J Y, Lam C C. et al . Closure of gastrotomy after transgastric tubal ligation using the Eagle Claw VII: a survival experiment in a porcine model.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB294
• 28 Desilets D J, Romanelli J, Surti V C. et al . The ties that bind: durable, transmural, purse-string-like gastrotomy closure using a novel device.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB292
• 29 Di Sena V, Rohr R, Thuler F. et al . Gastric wall healing after transgastric peritoneal access.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB291
• 30 Fritscher-Ravens A, Mosse A C, Boyd M. Full-thickness gastric incision closure in healthy versus diseased animals.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB281
• 31 Kochman M L, Mosse S, Swain P. Autologous mucosal patch (AMP) for gastrointestinal wall defects.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB289
• 32 Matthew A, Cronin S, Boyd M. Puncture force measurements on a porcine stomach.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB294
• 33 Willingham F F, Gee D, Rattner D W. et al . Intragastric pressure monitoring and the NOTES gastrotomy.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB295
• 34 Zorron R, Fang H L, Costa M. et al . Alternative techniques for gastric closure for NOTES.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB294
• 35 Hondo F Y, Maluf-Filho F, Giordano-Nappi J H. et al . Transgastric peritoneal access using a balloon overtube.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB292
• 36 Ko C W, Shin E J, Magno P. et al . Preliminary pneumoperitoneum facilitates transgastric access into the peritoneal cavity for NOTES.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB293
• 37 Moyer M T, Pauli E, Haluck R. et al . A self-approximating transluminal access technique (STAT) for potential use in NOTES: an ex-vivo porcine model.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB293
• 38 Roy P K, Joseph S, Macarenhas C. et al . NOTES: a systematic review of animal studies.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;  65 AB295
• 39 Volckmann E T, Hungness E S, Soper N J. Surgeon perceptions of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) [abstract].  J Gastroenterol. 2007;  in press